List of Resources

As we grow older, will our community be ready for us? This question is important for all of us, regardless of whether we live in a city, a suburb, a small town, or out in the country. And it is particularly relevant for those persons age 50 and older who are planning for (or have already entered) retirement or who are facing the challenges to independence and quality of life that often accompany aging.

This research report is designed to stimulate new understanding and thinking that will lead to better streets for all Americans.

This report presents a framework for conducting and documenting environmental management activities by corridor.

This report highlights the accomplishments of the Active Living by Design (ALbD) community partnerships during the five-year grant period. The information provided in this report was collected and tracked and reported utilizing the Progress Reporting System, a system developed by ALbD to document the progress made by the community partnerships during the grant program.

This Guide to Complete Streets Campaigns is a roadmap to winning a complete streets policy in your jurisdiction. It is also a guide to effective community organizing, as it is our hope that in winning a complete streets policy our Thunderhead member organizations will also gain strength, increase partnerships, and in many ways make their communities better with improved conditions for bicycling and walking.

The Alliance for Biking & Walking's Benchmarking Project is an ongoing effort to collect and analyze data on bicycling and walking in all 50 states and at least the 50 largest cities. This is the second biennial Benchmarking Report.

Context Sensitive Street Design (CSSD) is an approach to roadway planning, design and street operation, to meet regional transportation goals while enhancing neighborhoods and considering the adjacent uses of land. CSSD respects traditional street design objectives for safety, efficiency, capacity, and maintenance, while integrating community objectives and values relating to compatibility, livability, sense of place, urban design, cost and environmental impacts.

Potential for Conflict—When motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians compete for the same section of roadway,conflicts and collisions are bound to occur.Anyone who's walked or bicycled Southern California's streets and roads can cite instances of near misses with impatient or distracted drivers, perhaps cutting them off in crosswalks or bike lanes.

This field survey attempts to identify the number and location of "regional-serving" walkable urban places in the 30 largest American metropolitan areas in the U.S, where 138 million, or 46 percent, of the US population lives. This field survey determines where these walkable urban places are most prevalent on a per capita basis, where they are generally located within the metro area, and the extent to which rail transit service is associated with walkable urban development. The first section defines the key concepts used in the survey, providing relevant background information for those who have not read The Option of Urbanism. The second section outlines the methodology. The third section, which is the heart of the report, outlines the findings and conclusions of the survey.

BTS published data to show that availabilities of sidewalks coincided with increased rates of walking.

School districts/COEs can begin developing Safe Routes to School programs by establishing a multidisciplinary team with parent organizations, students, school administrators and staff, local law enforcement, city planners, health officials and other stakeholders. The group can assist with realizing a community vision, developing project proposals and implementing those projects if selected for funding.

The following optional administrative regulation should be revised to reflect district practice. The strategies listed below are organized around the "five E's" (education, encouragement, enforcement, engineering, and evaluation) recommended for inclusion in all local programs by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration and the National Center for Safe Routes to School's online resource guide, the Safe Routes to School Guide.

The Complete Streets Implementation Action Plan was created from an original and much larger list of suggested action items provided by a large cross section of department staff. The Implementation Action Plan projects are organized into seven categories: 1. Highest Focus Areas; 2. Guidance, Manuals, and Handbooks; 3. Policy and Plans; 4. Funding and Project Selection; 5. Raise Awareness; 6. Training; and 7. Research.

The California Department of Transportation (Department) provides for the needs of travelers of all ages and abilities in all planning, programming, design, construction, operations, and maintenance activities and products on the State highway system. The Department views all transportation improvements as opportunities to improve safety, access, and mobility for all travelers in California and recognizes bicycle, pedestrian, and transit modes as integral elements of the transportation system.

This booklet emphasizes the California Department of Transportation's (Caltrans) commitment to make state highways that also happen to be local main streets more livable. It is a manifestation of a process that is sweeping rapidly across America — and across California: Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS).

"Smart Mobility 2010: A Call to Action for the New Decade" responds to today's transportation challenges with new concepts and tools, presented with a program for putting them into action.

This report presents the results of the first phase of a two phase research project undertaken by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to study travel characteristics of infill development in California’s metropolitan areas.

Review of AB1581 — CVC 21450.5

• AB1581 Subcommittee
• Subcommittee Members
• Subcommittee Meetings
• Subcommittee's Recommendation to CTCDC
• CAMUTCD Language for Bicycle/Motorcycle Detection

10 Principles:

1. Mobility Balance,
2. Street Connectivity,
3. Community Character,
4. Forecasting is not Planning,
5. Transit will not Alleviate Congestion,
6. Active Living,
7. Multimodal Streets,
8. Sustainable Mobility,
9. Empowerment,
10. Monitoring & Reporting

As part of the City of Charlotte's Smart Growth strategy, staff and consultants are developing comprehensive new urban street design guidelines to be applied to all new and modified streets. The design guidelines provide for all travel modes, while explicitly considering land use context, street function, and allocation among competing uses for often-limited right-of-way. The design guidelines offer direction on planning and designing for five street types and their intersections. As important as the "ideal" cross-sections developed, however, is the information provided to guide the tradeoff decisions inherent in street design, particularly in retrofit or modification situations. To that end, the guidelines include a step-by-step approach to their application.

These Urban Street Design Guidelines are intended to ensure that the best aspects of Charlotte's transportation network are re-cretaed as the city and its street network continue to evolve.

This presentation by Mark A. Cole of the Charlotte Department of Transportation lays out the necessity of implementing Complete Streets in Charlotte, as well as the goals of those initiatives.

This policy and technical document lays out a plan for context-sensitive complete streets in the City of Charlotte to improve the safety and neighborhood livability, promote transportation choices, and meet land use objectives consistent with the City's Urban Street Design Guidelines.

The Better Streets and Complete Streets Policies, passed in 2005 and 2006, call for City departments to work together to improve the functioning and aesthetic of our City's streets to meet social, recreational, transportation, and ecological goals. The Better Streets Plan (BSP), currently in draft form, provides a comprehensive set of street design guidelines to meet these goals. Recommendations of this report for improved project planning, design, and approval are intended to assist the City in implementing the BSP guidelines in a consistent and efficient manner.

Studying transporation trends, the City of Boulder attempt to document a change in the use of modes in their city using gathered data and surveys.

A resolution of the city commission providing for a complete streets policy and directing staff to develop performance measures and implementation strategies to enable safe and convenient access to our transportation system for all users of all ages and abilities including pedestrians bicyclists people with disabilities transit riders and motor vehicle drivers.

A resolution introduced for the promotion of safe, convenient and healthy transportation choices for citizens and visitors within the corporate boundaries of the City of Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.

The corridor analysis advocated by the Neighborhood Horizons Plan looked at redesign opportunities to create a
pedestrian and bicycle friendly community-oriented
commercial corridor in a safe, quiet neighborhood.

GOAL M 4.2 — Complete Streets. Provide complete streets that balance the diverse needs of diverse users of the public right-of-way.

The City of Sacramento provides a summary and presentation of their street design practices, and they evaluate the effectivess.

An ordinance relating to Seattle's Complete Streets policy, stating guiding principles and practices so that trasnportation improvements are planned, designed and constructed to encourage walking, bicycling and transit use while accomodating safe operations for all users.

Presentation showing different roads across the country that have gone on road diets

This document has been prepared to explain District Department of Transportation's (DDOT) approach to Context Sensitive Design. This purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for achieving excellence in planning and design of transportation projects.

Flyer for a form-based code charette in Columbia Pike, Colorado

This design guide provides information on creating narrow, streets in cities, villages, and hamlet centers with buildings close to sidewalks and other pedestrian-friendly features.

This design guide provides information on constructing or modifying rural roads to cope with excessive speed and unsafe conditions.

Designing accessible pedestrian signals, including key features, location, placement, policies

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) is providing this Policy Statement to reflect the Department's support for the development of fully integrated active transportation networks. The establishment of well-connected walking and bicycling networks is an important component for livable communities, and their design should be a part of Federal-aid project developments. Walking and bicycling foster safer, more livable, family-friendly communities; promote physical activity and health; and reduce vehicle emissions and fuel use.

Changing Policies To Support Complete Streets, resulting consequences, levels of service (LOS) analysis generates impacts to other modes and the environment, Relationship of Freeway LOS, Speed, and CO2 Emissions Factors, case study in Davis, CA.

Pedestrians have a right to cross roads safely, and, therefore, planners and engineers have a professional responsibility to plan, design, and install safe crossing facilities." —Zegeer, et al., 2001 FHWA Crosswalk Study

• Definition
• Background
• Why Now?
• Design Elements (Width, Block Length, Sidewalks, Bicycle Lanes)
• What Does it All Mean?

Key Statistics And Facts:

1. For the first time in decades, surveys are showing a preference for expanding existing public transportation and building new bikeways and sidewalks over expanding existing highways and building new highways.
2. There are an estimated 35.3 billion walking trips nationwide every year in the U.S.
3. Walking is not just for recreation. Over 50% of all walking trips serve a functional purpose other than exercise and recreation.
4. Nearly a third of Americans do not drive, and the non-driving senior population will grow even larger in the near future with the aging Boomer generation.
5. 55% of Americans say they would rather drive less and walk more.
6. The top pedestrian complaint is simply that there are too few sidewalks.
7. The top bicyclist complaint is simply that there are too few bikeways.
8. While pedestrian and bicycle trips account for roughly 9% of all trips, 13% of all traffic related fatalities involve pedestrians and bicyclists.

Instead of relying on vehicle LOS as the primary performance measure in transportation impact studies, agencies need to consider the tradeoffs between LOS and other important community values and other modes. This paper will present a new paradigm for transportation planning and impact analysis that reflects the inherent tradeoffs associated with vehicle travel, urban development form, and the treatment of other modes. The new paradigm will reflect a fundamental change in our current thresholds based analysis approach and it will demonstrate new analysis methodologies

With communities across the country now recognizing the importance of "complete streets," what does implementation of a city or county's complete streets policy actually look like? While bike lanes and sidewalks are an important component of making a complete street, the underling design guidelines and policies for roadways and parking are equally influential in creating livable communities.

A team of 12 transportation professionals from the United States with expertise in bicycling and walking visited five countries in Europe to identify and assess effective approaches to improve pedestrian and bicyclist safety and mobility.

An analysis estimating the change in crashes before and after road diets were implemented.

The goals of this study were to examine the differences between pedestrian and bicycle crashes in urban and rural settings in North Carolina and to identify problem areas.

This TechBrief summarizes an evaluation of the effects on speed of low-cost, traffic-calming treatments on main rural highways passing through small, rural communities in Iowa.

Accommodating Bicycle and Pedestrian Travel: A Recommended Approach is a policy statement adopted by the United States Department of Transportation. USDOT hopes that public agencies, professional associations, advocacy groups, and others adopt this approach as a way of committing themselves to integrating bicycling and walking into the transportation mainstream.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) strongly encourages the use of raised medians in curbed sections of multi-lane roadways in urban and suburban areas, particularly in areas where there are mixtures of a significant number of pedestrians, high volumes of traffic and intermediate or high travel speeds.

This brief looks at the trends, amount, and characteristics of non-work vehicle trips during the peak periods in the United States.

A white paper that presents a thorough discussion on Complete Streets.

This feature explains the complete streets movement and explores ways to make urban thoroughfares more pedestrian and bicycle friendly and respectful of the surrounding community while not unduly compromising motor vehicle travel. Techniques for designing an arterial street that an control traffic speeds and permit more comfortable and safe pedestrian and bicycle access are described.

The publication provides a resource for practitioners working in the challenging practice of urban thoroughfare design. The principles are based on the evolving practice of context sensitive solutions (CSS), which integrates CSS principles into existing processes to facilitate informed decision-making that considers the needs, interests and constraints within a project. The publication describes:

• The importance of integrating the principles of CSS in urban roadway improvement projects,
• How CSS principles can be used in the transportation planning and project development processes, and
• Specific guidance on thoroughfare cross-section and intersection design.

Information contained in the report uses urban context to describe adjacent surroundings, then uses context to help select compatible thoroughfare types and design criteria. Context zones are used to categorize urban development density and intensity.

There are several design controls in the application of CSS principles that may be used differently than in the conventional design process. These controls include speed, location, design vehicle and functional classification.

Context Zones—Every thoroughfare has an immediate physical context created by buildings and activities on adjacent properties and is also part of a broader context created by the surrounding neighborhood or district. While the elements of context can combine in almost infinite varieties, this report uses four context zones to define and categorize urban areas: suburban (C-3), general urban (C-4), urban center (C-5) and urban core (C-6).

Definition of Boulevard—In highly urban areas, boulevards can be "grand boulevards"— streets that help form a city's identity, a formal street designed to beautify and be a primary public space, a promenade. Boulevards can also serve as the urban core's spine, a major commercial corridor served by rail or bus transit having a primary mobility rolecollectors). The report was a joint effort between the Institute of Transportation Engineers and the Congress for the New Urbanism, sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency.

Definition of Avenue—In all contexts, but particularly in urban centers and cores, avenues make up the majority of thoroughfares comprising the network. Avenues are moderate-speed (30 to 35 mph) urban arterial or collector thoroughfares, generally shorter in length than boulevards. They are primary pedestrian and bicycle routes and may serve local transit. Avenues do not exceed four lanes. Generally, avenues are undivided but some feature a raised landscaped median.the Congress for the New Urbanism, sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency.

Creating Quality Main Streets—Main streets may be located in any context zone, but are most commonly found in suburban (C-3), general urban (C-4) and urban center (C-5) contexts. They are usually short segments of arterial or collector streets, often only a few blocks in length. They are within a grid or interconnected system of local streets serving the commercial center of town.

The thoroughfare designer is challenged by the need to balance automobile mobility with the needs of pedestrians, bicyclists, transit, public space and urban design elements. While this report emphasizes CSS primarily in walkable, mixed-use residential and commercial urban areas, there are many urban areas with corridors or large districts that, by their nature, are low intensity and low density and do not provide the mix of uses, development patterns, or roadway networks conducive to walking.

This report has been developed in response to widespread interest for improving both mobility choices and community character through a commitment to creating and enhancing walkable communities. This report is intended to facilitate the restoration of the complex multiple functions of urban streets. It provides guidance for the design of walkable urban thoroughfares in places that currently support the mode of walking and in places where the community desires to provide a more walkable thoroughfare, and the context to support them in the future.

TCRP initiated a research study to identify the following: which factors determine the behavior and motivation of TOD residents, employees and employers in their mode choice; best practices to promote TOD-related transit ridership; and the contextual use of best practices.

Strategies for Metropolitan Atlanta's Transportation and Air Quality aims to develop a framework for reducing auto dependence and vehicle emissions in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area, while maintaining economic vitality . The data analysis from this study shows that in order for Atlanta to achieve their regional goals of clean air, decreased auto dependence, and a high quality of life, a land use plan to focus growth into existing and emerging urban centers was needed.

This paper discusses the growth of the Complete Streets movement and its role in road design and planning processes, particularly in relation to Context Sensitive Solutions. We will then go on to describe how the geometric design of our urban arterials and collector streets can provide more room for nonmotorized travelers, make street crossings easier for pedestrians, and help to control traffic speeds, thus reducing pedestrian, bicycle and automobile crashes. Finally, we will show how this can be done within existing rights-of-way and within tight maintenance and construction budgets, thus making better use of taxpayer dollars. A discussion of cost considerations will conclude this paper.

A survey of 31 multi-family housing complexes near rail stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and Portland, Oregon, show peak parking demand is 25-30 percent below supplies and, for most projects, falls below national standards.

This article highlights the impact the bicycle industry and bicycle tourism can have on state and local economies, describes the need for bicycle facilities, discusses the cost effectiveness of investments, points out the benefits of bike facilities for business districts and neighborhoods, and identities the cost savings associated with a mode shift from car to bicycle. The evidence demonstrates that investments in bicycle infrastructure make good economic sense as a cost effective way to enhance shopping districts and communities, generate tourism and support business.

AB 1581 (Fuller) was signed by the Governor on October 8, 2007, and became law on January 1, 2008.

In the two years since the Local Government Commission's Smart Growth Zoning Codes:A Resource Guide was first published,the movement to reform zoning codes has gained momentum. Today, form-based codes have become an increasingly popular approach to achieve these reforms and create communities where people want to live,work and play.

The Local Government Commission's Smart Growth Zoning Codes: A Resource Guide is intended to help local officials improve community livability through code reform. It is meant for jurisdictions that already have developed a broad vision for making their communities more livable.

Ahwahnee Principles for Livable Communities: Response to our members' concerns over sprawling, poorly planned development in their communities; Assembled with assistance from leading architects and planners working on innovative solutions; Revitalize existing parts of our communities through infill development; Plan complete and integrated communities with mix of uses; Within walking distance of one another; Within walking distance of transit stops; With a diversity of housing types; With a center focus

Benefits of road diets for bicyclists and pedestrians?

• Provide space to add bicycle lanes
• Reduce crossing distance
• Eliminate or reduce "multiple threat" crash types
• Install crossing island to cross in 2 simple steps
• Reduce top end travel speeds
• Buffer sidewalk from travel lanes (parking or bike lane)
• Reclaim street space for "higher and better use" than moving peak hour traffic

This is a manual that describes how well-conceived traffic calming techniques and traditional neighborhood street design can accomodate the needs of emergency responders while creating safe and livable neighborhoods.

This fact sheet and other LGC materials suggest a more careful approach in which emergency responders participate with residents and local jurisdictions to develop programs that minimize impacts on response times.

The Los Angeles County MTA Board of Directors initiated the Metro Rapid Demonstration Program in March 1999 in response to observing Curitaba's system in Brazil. Curitaba's public transportation model has been a driving force behind the FTA's national Bus Rapid Transit initiative. Following the demonstration program, passenger ratings of satisfaction with the Metro Rapid system increased for all elements of service measured.

This Complete Streets Policy is written to empower and direct citizens, elected officials, government agencies, planners, engineers, and architects to use an interdisciplinary approach to incorporate the needs of all users into the design and construction of roadway projects funded through the Anderson/Madison County Metropolitan Planning Organization (MCCOG).

This chapter describes the design considerations for shared use paths and greenways.

This chapter provides an overview of landscape planning and design, an integral part of transportation project development.

This chapter describes a variety of measures that can be used to lower vehicle speeds, and redirect traffic flows.

This resolution sets forth MTC's regional policy for accomodation of bicycle and pedestrian facilities during transportation project planning, design, funding and construction. Also included is pedestrian accomodation checklist.

This paper explores a methodology for assessing a neighborhood's bikeability based on its mix of infrastructure and destinations – essentially the 20-minute neighborhood for bicycles.

Across the country, a growing number of commumities are using the deceptively simple tool of complete streets policies to change the way they approach transportation. Adopted as state law, local ordinance or even as a city council resolution, these policies set a new vision for transportation investments. Most than 85 states, regions and cities have adopted such policies, including new state laws passed in Calfornia and Illinois and policy resolutions or ordinances in major cities including St. Paul, Miami, Chicago, Seattle, Sacramento and Charlotte.

Complete the streets so everyone can use them safely and conveniently—that's the new cry of advocates, planners and elected officials who are behind a movement to fundamentally alter the way roads are planned, designed and built.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

Introduction to Safe Routes to School: the Health, Safety and Transportation Nexus, including: Overview, History of Safe Routes to School, The Decline of Walking and Bicycling, Health Risks, Safe Routes to School Programs are Part of the Solution, Elements of Safe Routes to School Programs, Take Action Now, Promising Examples and Community Success Stories

A look at baseline results from parent surveys and student travel tallies, including: introduction, parent survey analysis, student arrival and departure travel tally analysis, discussion.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

The Monthly SRTS Program Tracking Brief is prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School to provide information about State SRTS programs. Each month, a different snapshot and brief analysis of one key trend across all State programs is presented. It also provides a tracking table summarizing key attributes from all programs.

This Brief tracks the Safe Routes to School Programs throughout the nation and the progress being made in funding the applications.

Some communities are more bikeable than others:
how does yours rate? Read over the questions in
this checklist and then take a ride in your
community, perhaps to the local shops, to visit a
friend, or even to work. See if you can get where
you want to go by bicycle, even if you are just
riding around the neighborhood to get some
exercise.

Everyone benefits from walking. These benefits include: improved fitness, cleaner air, reduced risks of certain health problems, and a greater sense of community. But walking needs to be safe and easy. Take a walk with your child and use this checklist to decide if your neighborhood is a friendly place to walk. Take heart if you find problems, there are ways you can make things better.

Complete streets improve safety. A Federal Highways Administration safety review found that designing the street with pedestrians in mind- sidewalks, raised medians, better bus stop placement, traffic-calming measures, and treatments for disabled travelers-all improve pedestrian safety.

Governor Schwarzenegger signed into law on September 30th Assembly Bill 1358, the California Complete Streets Act of 2008 authored by Assemblyman Mark Leno (D-San Francisco). The new law requires cities and counties to include complete streets policies as part of their general plans so that roadways are designed to safely accommodate all users, including bicyclists, pedestrians, transit riders, children, older people, and disabled people, as well as motorists.

The streets of our cities and towns ought to be for everyone, whether young or old, motorist or bicyclist, walker or wheelchair user, bus rider or shopkeeper. But too many of our streets are designed only for speeding cars, or worse, creeping traffic jams. These streets are unsafe for people on foot or bike and unpleasant for everybody. Schedule a workshop! To help communities successfully adopt complete streets policies, the National Complete Streets Coalition offers interactive, full-day workshops led by national experts on policy development.

Presentation provides a throrough introduction to complete streets

Table of Examples of Complete Streets Policies and Guides from across the nation.

Presentation demonstrates what complete streets are and are not.

What the Bill Does: The Complete Streets Act of 2008 (S. 2686), introduced by Senators Harkin (IA) and Carper (DE) and Safe and Complete Streets Act of 2008 (H.R. 5951) introduced by Rep. Matsui (CA) ensure that future transportation investments made by state Departments of Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Organizations create appropriate and safe transportation facilities for all those using the road—motorists, transit vehicles and riders, bicyclists, and pedestrians of all ages and abilities.

For typical U.S. cities with populations over 250,000, each additional mile of bike lanes per square mile is associated with a roughly one percent increase in the share of workers commuting by bicycle. Increasing the share of workers commuting by bicycle by one percentage point would double the average number of bicycle commuters in many cities. Rapid transit bus service that operates on streets improved to speed bus travel can increase ridership and shift trips from cars.

Incomplete streets cost families money and encourage oil consumption—Transportation is the second largest expense for American households, costing more than food, clothing, and health care. Even prior to the recent run-up in gasoline prices, Americans spent an average of 18 cents of every dollar on transportation, with the poorest fifth of families spending more than double that figure. Much of this household transportation expense is pumped directly into the gas tank. The United States uses 20 million barrels of oil per day and over 40% of American oil consumption goes to passenger cars.

Complete streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. Complete streets policies direct transportation planners and engineers to consistently design with all users in mind. They have been adopted by a few states (OR, VA, SC), and a number of regions and cities. Places that adopt complete streets policies are making sure that their streets and roads work for drivers, transit riders, pedestrians, and bicyclists, as well as for older people, children, and people with disabilities.

Complete Streets are designed and operated so they work for all users—pedestrians, bicyclists. Incomplete Streets Breed Congestion—Designing streets only for automobiles reduces opportunities for safe travel choices that can ease traffic congestion: walking, bicycling, and taking public transportation. Americans drove almost three trillion miles in 2008,1 and many of those trips were very short. Half of all trips in metropolitan areas are three miles or less and 28% are one mile or less. In rural areas, 30% of all trips are two miles or less, and yet a vast majority of these trips are by automobile.

Incomplete streets will hamper climate change strategies—The transportation sector is the fastest growing carbon dioxide source in the United States with emission rates rising 2% per year. Projections show that more efficient fuels and 'clean' vehicles won't be enough to offset the projected 59 percent increase in driving between now and 2030. Even with expected improvements in vehicle and fuel economy, carbon emissions from transportation would be 41 percent above today's levels by 2030 if driving is not curbed.

Incomplete streets a barrier for children—When streets are designed only for cars, they become barriers for children, who cannot safely walk or bicycle along or across them. Unfortunately these safety fears are well founded—pedestrian injury is a leading cause of unintentional, injury-related death among children, age 5 to 14. As a result, many children end up in the back seat of the car, missing out on opportunities for independence and physical activity. One recent survey found that, while 71% of adults walked or rode their bicycles to school as a child, a mere 17% of their own children currently do so.

Incomplete streets are a constant source of frustration and danger for people with disabilities. A recent study found that blind pedestrians waited three times longer to cross the street, and made many more dangerous crossings than sighted pedestrians. A significant portion of paratransit trips are necessary, not because people are too disabled to use public transit, but because the street network is so poorly designed that they cannot reach the bus stop or train station.

Incomplete streets a problem for older Americans—Even when roads have basic pedestrian facilities, they often do not consider the needs of the growing population of older Americans. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by 2025, the portion of Americans over 65 will increase from 12% to nearly 20%, totaling 62 million Americans. As people age, many give up driving for safety's sake.

Incomplete streets put people at risk—Streets without safe places to walk, cross, catch a bus, or bicycle put people at risk. Over 5,000 pedestrians and bicyclists died on U.S. roads in 2008, and more than 120,000 were injured.2 Pedestrian crashes are more than twice as likely to occur in places without sidewalks; streets with sidewalks on both sides have the fewest crashes. While the absolute numbers of bicyclists and pedestrians killed has been in decline for the decade, experts attribute this in part to a decline in the total number of people bicycling and walking.

Incomplete streets lead to higher costs—Transportation is the second largest expense for American households, costing more than food, clothing, and health care. Even before the recent run-up in gasoline prices, Americans spent an average of 18 cents of every dollar on transportation, with the poorest fifth of families spending more than double that figure. The vast majority of this money, nearly 98%, is for the purchase, operation, and maintenance of automobiles. Drivers spent $186 billion on fuel last year, and without improvements to fuel economy, Americans will spend an estimated $260 billion in 2020 on gasoline.

Incomplete streets a barrier for riders, good service—In too many cases, road design is out of sync with the needs of the people who are riding buses, trains, and trolleys. Poor design slows transit service and discourages people from using public transportation. Even in communities served by public transportation, incomplete streets may discourage residents from fully using the service. Many users are unable to get to transit stops in a safe and convenient manner.

Incomplete streets restrict physical activity—When streets are designed only for cars, they deny people the opportunity to choose more active ways to get around, such as walking and biking. Even where sidewalks exist, large intersections and speeding traffic may make walking unpleasant or even unsafe—discouraging any non-motorized travel. Obesity in America has reached epidemic proportions in recent years. The latest data show that 32% of adults are obese, the number of overweight or obese American children nearly tripled between 1980 and 2004.

Complete Streets create viable, liveable communities—Creating infrastructure for non-motorized transportation and lowering automobile speeds by changing road conditions can improve economic conditions for both business owners and residents. When Valencia Street in San Francisco's Mission District slimmed its traffic lanes to slow down cars and accommodate other users, merchants reported the street changes enhanced the area. Nearly 40 percent of merchants reported increased sales, and 60 percent reported more area residents shopping locally due to reduced travel time and convenience.

Help Prevent Costly Delays and Retrofits Integrating the needs of all users—pedestrians, bicyclists, public transportation riders, motorists, older people, children, and people with disabilities—early in the life of a project minimizes costs associated with including facilities for these travelers. Complete streets policies ensure early multi-modal scoping, saving money by avoiding costly project delays. Without a policy, bicycle, pedestrian, and public transportation accommodations are often debated too late in the design process and are considered a disruption rather than necessary and beneficial project features.

Complete streets foster livable communities — Communities are increasingly embracing smart growth to meet their residents' desire for choices in housing, shopping, recreation, and transportation. Complete streets meet the demand for transportation options, while promoting other community goals. They provide safe and affordable access for everyone, whether traveling to school, work, the doctor, or their favorite restaurant.

Communities across the country are realizing the 'green' potential of their streets. Making our transportation system more sustainable involves many policies and practices that minimize environmental impact and create streets that are safe for everyone, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation. Complete streets are a natural complement to sustainability efforts, ensuring benefits for mobility, community, and the environment. Many elements of street design, construction, and operation can work in favor of achieving both complete streets that work for all travelers and 'green' streets that serve environmental sustainability. Complete Streets are designed and operated so they work for all users.

Complete Streets policies can end the project-by-project struggle for better facilities

Communities across the country are realizing the ‘green’ potential of their streets. Making our transportation system more sustainable involves many policies and practices that minimize environmental impact and create streets that are safe for everyone, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation. Complete streets are a natural complement to sustainability efforts, ensuring benefits for mobility, community, and the environment. Many elements of streetdesign, construction, and operation can work in favor of achieving both complete streets that work for all travelers and ‘green’ streets that serve environmental sustainability. Complete Streets are designed and operated so they work for all users.

This Guidebook provides an overview of key ITS concepts. This version is aimed at senior managers and public policy makers responsible setting overall transportation policy, allocating resources, and making the major decisions on the direction our transportation system will take.

The purpose of the Guidebook is to provide up to date information on: the need to integrate ITS and transportation planning; Federal and other regulations, processes, and reporting requirements, to do so, and recommendations on how to move from today's practice to an integrated approach. This version is targeted towards the "practitioners" that are responsible for supporting the decision process and "working out the details" to make sure that both decisions are made and the transportation system continues to move forward on a day-to-day basis.

This document supplies a variety of evidence-backed factual conclusions that support a community's decision to enact a complete streets resolution or law. An adopting body should select those findings it views as most significant for its community and add findings related to local conditions or concerns. All policies should include the first finding, which defines complete streets.

Good planning practice requires that communities establish long-range comprehensive plans for future physical development. A comprehensive plan provides a vision of how residents and stakeholders wish to see their community evolve, and acts as a policy guide for decision-making regarding future development. In different states, comprehensive plans are known by a variety of names, including community plans, master plans, and general plans. In some states, these plans are required; in others, they are optional. The plan's effect from a legal perspective also varies widely, and some states require that comprehensive plans address specific topics and undergo regular updates.

Local governments have the power to fight childhood obesity and improve community health by passing complete streets policies that foster streets safe for active travel. At theGood planning practice requires that communities establish long-range comprehensive plans for future physical development. A comprehensive plan provides a vision of how residents and stakeholders wish to see their community evolve, and acts as a policy guide for decision-making regarding future development. In different states, comprehensive plans are known by a variety of names, including community plans, master plans, and general plans. In some states, these plans are required; in others, they are optional. The plan's effect from a legal perspective also varies widely, and some states require that comprehensive plans address specific topics and undergo regular updates. National Policy and Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity (NPLAN), we developed this Model Local Ordinance on Complete Streets to assist localities in making streets safe, comfortable, and convenient for everyone. Our models are developed by thoroughly surveying existing law, conducting extensive legal research, and consulting legal and policy experts.

State governments have the power to fight childhood obesity and improve community health by passing complete streets policies that foster streets safe for active travel. At the National Policy & Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity (NPLAN), we developed this Model State Statute on Complete Streets to assist states in making streets safe, comfortable, and convenient for everyone.

State and regional governments have the power to fight childhood obesity and improve community health by passing complete streets policies that foster streets safe for active travel. At the National Policy & Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity (NPLAN), we developed these Model State/Regional Resolutions on Complete Streets to assist states and regional governments in making streets safe, comfortable, and convenient for everyone.

Streets are key public spaces that often make up much of the land in a town or city. But across America, streets are frequently built for cars, with few features like sidewalks to make them safe and pleasant places to walk or bike. Conventional street design promotes traffic congestion, pollution, and collision injuries and discourages physical activity.

This research has been undertaken to explore how sidewalks in New Jersey are constructed, maintained, reconstructed and financed. Sidewalks are a complicated issue due to multiple jurisdictions (local, county, and state), ambiguous responsibility for construction, reconstruction and maintenance, and contested liability. The research methodology included interviews with New Jersey planners and engineers at the state and local levels, a review of state and national guidelines, consultation with national professionals regarding practices outside New Jersey, and a legal analysis of sidewalk-related caselaw.

Roadway Design Objectives should include: a roadway environment that the user can: Interpret correctly and safely, Minimize their mistakes, Minimize impact of their mistakes

Provide guidance for the design of urban thoroughfares that is consistent with CSS principles

A framework for thoroughfare design:

1. Define context
2. Specify a complete palette of thoroughfare types
3. Define correspondence between context and thoroughfare type
4. Bring network into the process

The paper examines the role of the street network in road safety outcomes. Data on more than 130,000 crashes occurring over nine years in 24 medium-sized California cities was input into a geographic information system (GIS) and evaluated against principal measures of street network density and connectivity at the Census Block Group level. Few studies have taken this more comprehensive approach of looking at the complete street network when it comes to safety, partly because until now this kind of holistic assessment would have been very difficult without recent advances in research tools such as GIS.

Evolution of network in California cities; the effects the network has on traffic safety, travel mode choice, and emergency services response time.

The objective of this research was to investigate whether a relationship exists between street network characteristics and the choice of transportation modes selected in a neighborhood. In this study, we controlled for factors such as street characteristics, vehicle volumes, activity levels, income levels, proximity to limited access highways and to the downtown area. The results suggest that all three of the fundamental characteristics of a street network — street connectivity, street network density, and street patterns — are statistically significant in affecting the choice to drive, walk, bike, or take transit.

The Complete Streets Act of 2007 will ensure that the transportation plans of California communities meet the needs of all users of the roadway including pedestrians, bicyclists, users of public transit, motorists, children, the elderly, and the disabled. By encouraging good planning for all modes of travel, the AB 1358 will make our roads safer and more convenient places for Californians who choose to walk, ride a bike, or take transit.

This handbook recommends a process for development of street standards, provides important information to help communities consider and decide on the standards, and includes model designs as a starting point.

Through interviews with architects, planners, developers, and property managers of case study multifamily developments from Oregon, Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts, this report focuses on the ways regulation, typical development practice, and design culture have propagated the typical disconnected and enclaved forms of suburban multifamily development. The report then proposes ways in which current planning, development, and design practices might shift in order to take advantage of this growing housing trend and create more livable, less congested, and multi-modal suburban communities.

This PBIC Case Study Compendium contains a collection of brief, original case studies developed by the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center and the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals (APBP). The case studies, or success stories, cover pedestrian and bicycle projects and programs from across the US and abroad, including engineering, education, enforcement, encouragement, planning, health promotion, and comprehensive safety initiatives.

The purpose of this guide on "How to Develop a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan" is to present an overview and framework for state and local agencies to develop and implement a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan tailored to their specific problems and needs. Pedestrian Safety Action Plan is a plan developed by community stakeholders that is intended to improve pedestrian safety in the community. An objective of the guide is to help state and local officials know where to begin to address pedestrian safety issues. it is also intended to assist agencies in further enhancing their existing pedestrian safety programs and activites, including identifying safety problems and selecting optimal solutions.

This report is the third status update to the National Bicycling and Walking Study, which is an assessment of bicycling and walking as transportation modes in the United States.

This study offers a method for analyzing the theory that the physical design of streets impacts safety.

Integration of Green Infrastructure & Networks with Complete Streets in San Francisco

Regardless of their size, communities can realize three major benefits from better connectivity: shorter trips, a winder variety of travel choices, and more cost-effective public services and infrastructure. Creating more direct connections shortens travel time, which effectively brings people closer to their destinations. With more available connections, community residents can get to schools, shopping centers, and other spots that may have simply been off their radar before—not because these places were too far away, but because they were too far out of the way.

Complete streets are not limited to a few designated corridors. Many communities have launched main street initiatives, adopted bicycle plans, or undertaken special planning processes for nonmotorized travel in specific places. In contrast, complete streets policies strive for diversity on just about every thoroughfare. And the process of creating complete streets is leading planners and engineers across the country to approach street design in fundamentally new ways.

This article looks at successful examples of safe routes to schools programs across the country.

Concerns about livability are shared by every type of community, in inner cities, small towns and rural areas. This booklet explores how people in these communities are working in partnership with transportation agencies on locally-initiated projects and programs to create transportation systems that enhance places. While this booklet emphasizes the direct relationship between community reinvigoration and community-supportive transit facilities, case studies also demonstrate how the sympathetic design of roadways strengthens the connection between the two.

The case studies in this booklet offer a small sample of the ways in which highway projects can be designed with imagination, creativity, and collaboration to preserve and enhance the character and quality of a community without sacrificing transportation mobility and safety. While these few examples illustrate the art of the possible, throughout the country we see a new commitment to collaboration leading to more imaginatively designed facilities that enrich the communities in which they are located.

This Citizen’s Guide is intended to show people who are passionate about creating better streets and walkable communities how they can influence highway professionals to address transportation in ways that place the most value on people and on places.

This is a series of eight case studies that outline a variety of tools and strategies that are contributing to great corridors around the country— creating not only successful streets, but creating places in those communities.

These chapters cover many of the basic elements that can help create good places and enhance community life, including traffic calming, an innovative approach to the design and management of streets that redistributes street space more equitably for all users and, in doing so, acts as a Placemaking catalyst.

Incomplete streets a problem for older Americans—Even when roads have basic pedestrian facilities, they often do not consider the needs of the growing population of older Americans. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by 2025, the portion of American

This report analyzes the travel patterns of K-12 students in Gainesville, Florida. The data indicated that students were more likely to walk in neighborhoods with sidewalks on main roads; another significant factor is distance of the school from home.

Presentation provides an overview of complete streets, examples of policies and actions in the Sacramento region and national level, simulations of streets and neighborhoods in Sacramento area

For jurisdictions looking to update or revise their development codes into a more graphic-oriented document, SACOG has made publicly available its Form-Based Codes Handbook for download. Form-based codes are becoming a more commonly used way of communicating the type of development that a jurisdiction wants and what is allowed.

Every two years, SACOG conducts a programming round to allocate funds to projects based on apportionments of regional Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ), Regional Surface Transportation Program (RSTP), and State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) funds. These funds are programmed through the Air Quality, Bicycle & Pedestrian, Community Design, Transportation Demand Management (TDM) and Regional/Local funding programs.

Graphic illustrating Funding Sources for Safe Routes to School Program Support, and SACOG Tools and Services For Safe Routes to School Program Support.

Graphic illustrating How Local Projects are Planned and Funded, including community input and various funding sources

Funding rural transportation projects is an even greater challenge because many funding programs are based on population. Rural areas comprise only a small percentage of the SACOG region's population but must maintain a disproportionate number of the region's road miles. Rural areas in the SACOG region account for only 10 percent of the population, but they contain 48 percent of the region's road miles (8,258 total road miles). Urban areas, on the other hand, account for 75 percent of the population and contain only 41 percent of the road miles (7,054 total miles).

Presentation provides an overview of complete streets technical assistance and tools offered by SACOG

Apply to become a member of the Sacramento Complete Streets Coalition

The Concept Plan process has provided an opportunity for Carmichael residents, property owners and County departments to participate in creating a design concept for Fair Oaks Boulevard. The Concept Plan illustrates Draft General Plan and Carmichael Community Plan draft policies, addresses the creation of a special planning area (SPA), and compares roadway design options. Specifically, the concept plan illustrates ways in which the community's desires for Fair Oaks Boulevard can be meshed with the roadway project proposed by the County of Sacramento.

This report was developed to analyze the market demand for commercial services and assess the potential to develop and market higher density infill housing along the North Watt Corridor. This market study is incorporated into the existing conditions report, as the first phase of the revitalization plan. The market study will provide a framework for presenting realistic land use alternatives along the Corridor.

An ordinance providing for the continuation of a one-half of one percent retail transactions and use tax by the Sacramento Transportation Authority for local transportation purposes

Snapshot of Complete Streets history and implementation

This document presents best practices for bicycle master plans for consideration and potential adoption by the Collaborative. These best practices were gleaned from bicycle plans recognized as being exemplary and from cities and/or counties that were recognized as being highly bikeable. First, the required elements of a bicycle master plan in the State of California are presented. Next, best practice bicycle master plan content is presented in the form of a typical bicycle plan outline. A special section addressing the current state-of-the-practice with regard to bicycle level of service measures is presented.

This document outlines an approach to designing streets that are more "complete" in the sense of accomplishing all of the goals associated with the dominant form of public space in urban societies — our streets. The purpose of this booklet is threefold:

1. To provide suggested street standards for use when designing new streets and developments and when planning for future transit corridors
2. To provide guidance when dealing with a constrained right-of-way
3. To illustrate local examples of streets that work or do not work for various user groups

This section presents best practices pedestrian master plans for consideration and possible adoption by the Collaborative. Unlike, the bicycle master plan, there are no required pedestrian master plan elements in the State of California. The contents of a pedestrian master plan presented here represent best practice content gleaned from pedestrian plans of cities like Oakland and Portland that are recognized as being exemplary. The first section presents best practice content in a sample plan outline format, elaborating on key elements of the plan.

The Collaborative's Transportation Team has been particularly focused on practices that will assist the Sacramento countywide area achieve the vision of at least at 10% shift in travel mode from automobiles to walking, cycling, and transit. Transit use is forecasted to increase from 1.3% of trips to 4% or 5% or more, in the Sacramento countywide area.

Universal Design (also called Inclusive Design or Accessible Design) refers to facility designs that accommodate the widest range of potential users, including people with mobility and visual disabilities and other special needs. Although Universal Design standards address the needs of people with disabilities, it is a comprehensive concept that can benefit all users. For example, people who are unusually short or tall, carrying packages or pushing a cart are not disabled, but their needs should be considered in facility design.

A diverse group of more than 100 citizens from all walks of life came together in 2001 as the Sacramento Transportation and Air Quality Collaborative. These participants represented businesses, the environment, public agencies, community groups, underserved populations and local neighborhood areas. For five years, these community leaders and agency staff contributed countless hours to education, dialogue, deliberation and consensus building in this civic engagement effort.

As people grow older, they often become less willing or able to drive, making it necessary to depend on alternative methods of trans- portation. Unfortunately, the United States is currently ill prepared to provide adequate transportation choices for our rapidly aging population. Alternatives to driving are sparse, particularly in some regions and in rural and small town communities. As the number of older people increases, so too will their mobility needs. How the nation addresses this issue will have significant social and economic ramifications. This report presents new findings based on the National Household Transportation Survey of 2001 and places them in the context of other research on mobility in the aging population.

As this report will show, there still is a long way to go to repair the damage done to communities in the past, even as we begin to shift policies and design philosophy to build streets that are safer for pedestrians and motorists alike. However, there are a growing number of excellent models to build on and thousands of communities eager to move forward.

Complete streets can improve population health indirectly — through increased walking, biking, and transit use, Increased physical activity, Less obesity and chronic disease, Reduced respiratory conditions, deaths, other conditions related to air pollution — and Directly — through Reduced traffic injuries and deaths, and increased social interaction.

Conventional suburbs are over built and out of favor. In cities and suburbs alike, walkable neighborhoods linked by train are the future. Here's how a new nertwork of privately funded alliances can make the future come to pass more quickly and cheaply- and help reingorate housing and the economy.

1. Transportation Action Plan
2. USDG Philosophy and Approach
3. Applying the Six-Step Plan/Design Process

This research helps confirm what had been intuitively obvious: in the four metropolitan areas studied, transit-oriented development (TOD) housing produced considerably less traffic than what is generated by conventional development.

For four decades, activists for greener, safer NYC streets have scrounged at the margins of this automobilized streetscape. A few feet of traffic lanes converted to bike lanes, the occasional sidewalk extended to relieve a dangerous intersection — all important changes, but all within the context of streets that serve cars, first and foremost. But what would our streets look like if they were redesigned, building-to-building, to first accommodate walkers, bicyclists, the disabled and surface transit? The days of living at the margins are over: the Complete Streets revolution has begun.

This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the Metro Orange Line, one of the first full-featured bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in the U.S.

Discussion centering around the potential implementation of "skinny streets" policies by the Delaware Department of Transportation.

Connectivity (also called permeability) refers to the directness of links and the density of connections in path or road network. A well-connected road or path network has many short links, numerous intersections, and minimal dead-ends (cul-de-sacs).

As connectivity increases, travel distances decrease and route options increase, allowing more direct travel between destinations, creating a more Accessible and Resilient system.

This report investigates claims that highway capacity expansion is a cost effective and desirable solution to urban traffic congestion problems.

What rights do non-motorized modes have to use public roadways? Do nonmotorized modes receive a fair share of roadway resources? Do motorists really subsidize walking and cycling? This report explores these questions.

1. Ditch concurrency
2. Code form
3. Get network
4. Complete streets
5. High Speed Rail: Again? Local?

A telephone survey provided to evaluate the design and funding of facilities for bicycle and pedestrian users as part of the state highway network.